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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chudnovsky-Algorithmus</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Der <b>Chudnovsky-Algorithmus</b> ist eine von den <a href="David_Chudnovsky" title="David Chudnovsky">Chudnovsky-Brüdern</a> im Jahre 1988<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entwickelte <a href="Iteration" title="Iteration">iterative</a> Methode zur Berechnung beliebig vieler Nachkommastellen der <a href="Kreiszahl" title="Kreiszahl">Kreiszahl</a> π. Jede Iteration liefert durchschnittlich 14,82 weitere Dezimalstellen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der <a href="Algorithmus" title="Algorithmus">Algorithmus</a> basiert auf der Konvergenz einer <a href="Verallgemeinerte_hypergeometrische_Funktion" title="Verallgemeinerte hypergeometrische Funktion">verallgemeinerten hypergeometrischen Reihe</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-baruah_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baruah-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\pi }}=12\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}(6k)!(545140134k+13591409)}{(3k)!(k!)^{3}640320^{3k+3/2}}}.\!}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
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<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>545140134</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>13591409</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
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</msup>
<msup>
<mn>640320</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
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<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>.</mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\pi }}=12\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}(6k)!(545140134k+13591409)}{(3k)!(k!)^{3}640320^{3k+3/2}}}.\!}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3d94828f57c7693c43267260c7a54cf3f2d32a1a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; margin-right: -0.204ex; width:49.341ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\pi }}=12\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }{\frac {(-1)^{k}(6k)!(545140134k+13591409)}{(3k)!(k!)^{3}640320^{3k+3/2}}}.\!}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dieser Algorithmus wurde seitdem für die meisten Weltrekordberechnungen eingesetzt, siehe <a href="Kreiszahl#Rekorde_der_Berechnung_von_π" title="Kreiszahl">Rekorde der Berechnung von π</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Entwicklung">Entwicklung</h2></div>
<p><a href="Heegner-Punkt" title="Heegner-Punkt">Heegner-Punkte</a> können dabei helfen, sehr schnell konvergente <a href="Reihe_(Mathematik)" title="Reihe (Mathematik)">Reihen</a> zu finden, die gegen die <a href="Kreiszahl" title="Kreiszahl">Kreiszahl</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }" loading="lazy"></span> konvergieren. Vorläufer solcher Reihentypen waren schon von <a href="Srinivasa_Ramanujan" title="Srinivasa Ramanujan">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a> zu Beginn des 20.&nbsp;Jahrhunderts entdeckt worden. Die Brüder <a href="David_Chudnovsky" title="David Chudnovsky">David</a> und <a href="Gregory_Chudnovsky" title="Gregory Chudnovsky">Gregory Chudnovsky</a> nutzten schließlich die Punkte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau ={\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {n}}}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau ={\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {n}}}{2}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0047f1bfeb9c81dfd6b86bee1a52ebf03e30a04a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:10.16ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau ={\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {n}}}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit natürlichen Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>, um die Arbeiten von Ramanujan weiterzuführen. Dabei fanden sie eine für die <a href="J-Funktion" title="J-Funktion">j-Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j(\tau ):=1728J(\tau )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mn>1728</mn>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j(\tau ):=1728J(\tau )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83024c58c9750ce366b6365413c93fb6f277dd10.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:16.874ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j(\tau ):=1728J(\tau )}" loading="lazy"></span> und all diese Heegner-Punkte gültige Reihenidentität
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\left({\frac {1}{6}}(1-s_{2}(\tau ))+k\right){\frac {(6k)!}{(3k)!(k!)^{3}}}{\frac {1}{j(\tau )^{k}}}={\frac {\sqrt {-J(\tau )}}{\pi }}{\frac {1}{\sqrt {n(1-J(\tau ))}}},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
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</munderover>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msqrt>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</msqrt>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<msqrt>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</msqrt>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\left({\frac {1}{6}}(1-s_{2}(\tau ))+k\right){\frac {(6k)!}{(3k)!(k!)^{3}}}{\frac {1}{j(\tau )^{k}}}={\frac {\sqrt {-J(\tau )}}{\pi }}{\frac {1}{\sqrt {n(1-J(\tau ))}}},}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/44efe79de86222c85a0a3ff75faa9293ce9c414a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:68.896ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\infty }\left({\frac {1}{6}}(1-s_{2}(\tau ))+k\right){\frac {(6k)!}{(3k)!(k!)^{3}}}{\frac {1}{j(\tau )^{k}}}={\frac {\sqrt {-J(\tau )}}{\pi }}{\frac {1}{\sqrt {n(1-J(\tau ))}}},}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>die den durch <a href="Eisensteinreihe" title="Eisensteinreihe">Eisensteinreihen</a> definierten Term
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s_{2}(\tau )={\frac {E_{4}(\tau )}{E_{6}(\tau )}}\left(E_{2}(\tau )-{\frac {3}{\pi \mathrm {Im} (\tau )}}\right)}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>s</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>6</mn>
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</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s_{2}(\tau )={\frac {E_{4}(\tau )}{E_{6}(\tau )}}\left(E_{2}(\tau )-{\frac {3}{\pi \mathrm {Im} (\tau )}}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec9f66415a7b50cd96723b65a9d643b82397716d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:35.255ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s_{2}(\tau )={\frac {E_{4}(\tau )}{E_{6}(\tau )}}\left(E_{2}(\tau )-{\frac {3}{\pi \mathrm {Im} (\tau )}}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>beinhaltet.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dabei bezeichnet <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k!}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>!</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k!}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/949e312c9bf9a9a5e641c1db1b1d7c6f0425b536.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.858ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k!}" loading="lazy"></span> die <a href="Fakult%C3%A4t_(Mathematik)" title="Fakultät (Mathematik)">Fakultät</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span>. Daraus konnte nach Einsetzen des Heegner-Punkts <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau ={\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {163}}}{2}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>163</mn>
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<mn>2</mn>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau ={\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {163}}}{2}}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a5c1c9d94ba0d7880da98d7f4699e2df5af9551.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:11.639ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau ={\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {163}}}{2}}}" loading="lazy"></span> der Chudnovsky-Algorithmus entwickelt werden, mit Hilfe dessen die Kreiszahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }" loading="lazy"></span> extrem schnell auf viele Nachkommastellen berechnet werden kann. Er nutzt aus, dass der Wert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j\left({\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {163}}}{2}}\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>163</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j\left({\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {163}}}{2}}\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9386645e1d76f17127bb1f805b468044c1722cba.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:11.486ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j\left({\tfrac {1+i{\sqrt {163}}}{2}}\right)}" loading="lazy"></span> ganzzahlig ist. Über die Methoden, wie man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j(\tau )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j(\tau )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4e748f54b6308e2ffbcc2b3fc23d0c81b25c8d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:3.996ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j(\tau )}" loading="lazy"></span> allgemein berechnet, kann man bereits diese und weitere Kuriositäten beobachten. Man weiß wegen der <a href="Fourier-Entwicklung" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourier-Entwicklung">Fourier-Entwicklung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j(\tau )=e^{-2\pi i\tau }+744+196\,884e^{2\pi i\tau }+\dotsb }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>744</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>196</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>884</mn>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j(\tau )=e^{-2\pi i\tau }+744+196\,884e^{2\pi i\tau }+\dotsb }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a6b4ce8279c6cace5e2300c04fb4d1cdae424f77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:39.46ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j(\tau )=e^{-2\pi i\tau }+744+196\,884e^{2\pi i\tau }+\dotsb }" loading="lazy"></span>, dass für Werte <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38a7dcde9730ef0853809fefc18d88771f95206c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.202ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau }" loading="lazy"></span> mit größerem Imaginärteil die Zahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j(\tau )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>j</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j(\tau )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4e748f54b6308e2ffbcc2b3fc23d0c81b25c8d77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:3.996ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j(\tau )}" loading="lazy"></span> bereits sehr nahe an <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{-2\pi i\tau }+744}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>744</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{-2\pi i\tau }+744}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5726e1bbfcaf6c609cc716096912300a480b23e5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.103ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{-2\pi i\tau }+744}" loading="lazy"></span> liegt. In der Tat findet man<sup id="cite_ref-Bruinier_73_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruinier_73-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{\pi {\sqrt {163}}}=262\,537\,412\,640\,768\,743{,}\,999\,999\,999\,999\,250\ldots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>163</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>262</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>537</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>412</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>640</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>768</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>743</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
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<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>999</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>999</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>999</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>999</mn>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mn>250</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{\pi {\sqrt {163}}}=262\,537\,412\,640\,768\,743{,}\,999\,999\,999\,999\,250\ldots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/77df611b3a190e1f7530e1d7e757babc8e5f195b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:56.214ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{\pi {\sqrt {163}}}=262\,537\,412\,640\,768\,743{,}\,999\,999\,999\,999\,250\ldots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Ein ausführlicher Beweis dieser Formel findet sich hier:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Diese ist ähnlich der <a href="S._Ramanujan" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Ramanujan">Ramanujan</a>-Formel zur Ermittlung von π<sup id="cite_ref-baruah_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baruah-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und ist ein Beispiel der Ramanujan-Sato-Reihen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Chudnovsky, Gregory Chudnovsky: <cite style="font-style:italic">Approximation and complex multiplication according to Ramanujan</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ramanujan revisited: proceedings of the centenary conference</cite>. 1988.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Chudnovsky-Algorithmus&amp;rft.atitle=Approximation+and+complex+multiplication+according+to+Ramanujan&amp;rft.au=David+Chudnovsky%2C+Gregory+Chudnovsky&amp;rft.btitle=Ramanujan+revisited%3A+proceedings+of+the+centenary+conference&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">FH Graubünden: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhgr.ch/fachgebiete/angewandte-zukunftstechnologien/davis-zentrum/pi-challenge/#c15513">Algorithmus</a>, Informationen über die Weltrekordberechnung 2021, abgerufen am 26. März 2022</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-baruah-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-baruah_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-baruah_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nayandeep Deka Baruah, Bruce C. Berndt, Heng Huat Chan: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ramanujan’s series for 1/π: a survey</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">American Mathematical Monthly</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>116</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>7</span>, 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>567–587</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4169/193009709X458555">10.4169/193009709X458555</a></span>, <a href="JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/40391165">40391165</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Chudnovsky-Algorithmus&amp;rft.atitle=Ramanujan%E2%80%99s+series+for+1%2F%CF%80%3A+a+survey&amp;rft.au=Nayandeep+Deka+Baruah%2C+Bruce+C.+Berndt%2C+Heng+Huat+Chan&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.doi=10.4169%2F193009709X458555&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Mathematical+Monthly&amp;rft.pages=567-587&amp;rft.volume=116" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nayandeep Deka Baruah, Bruce Berndt, Heng Huat Chan: <i>Ramanujan’s series for <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1/\pi }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1/\pi }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/295095b618f108f11bc4ac8f16c6d60ad192f221.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.657ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1/\pi }" loading="lazy"></span>: A survey.</i> Mathematics Student, S.&nbsp;576.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bruinier_73-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bruinier_73_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan Hendrik Bruinier, Gerard van der Geer, Günter Harder, Don Zagier: <i>The 1-2-3 of Modular Forms.</i> Lectures at a Summer School in Nordfjordeid, Norway, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, S.&nbsp;73.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorenz Milla: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ein ausführlicher Beweis der Chudnovsky-Formel mit elementarer Funktionentheorie</cite>. 2018, <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00533">1809.00533</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Chudnovsky-Algorithmus&amp;rft.au=Lorenz+Milla&amp;rft.btitle=Ein+ausf%C3%BChrlicher+Beweis+der+Chudnovsky-Formel+mit+elementarer+Funktionentheorie&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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